Sa a se yon bagay kap trè évident. Li se sèlman gwosè a nan yon palmis, epi li se yon ti kras lou sou men an. Fòm li se byen espesyal. Yon tib metal mens se tankou yon poto, ki pote de silenn metal epè, epi youn nan silenn metal yo swiv pa yon mwatye nan yon tib yon ti kras mens pase ti dwèt la.
Youn nan frijidè tib batman kè ayewospasyal-
Zhao Miguang, yon chèchè nan Enstiti Fizik ak Chimi Akademi Syans Chinwa a (ki refere yo kòm Enstiti Fizik ak Chimi Akademi Syans Chinwa a), te di ke li ta koute apeprè yon milyon Yuan pou fè bagay sa a. kounye a. Sepandan, anvan 2000, peyi etranje pa ta vann li nan Lachin, kèlkeswa konbyen li koute.
It is the "cooling artifact" that has plagued China's optical remote sensing satellites for decades - the aerospace-grade pulse tube refrigerator, a high-tech product that can quickly reduce the local temperature to minus 200 degrees Celsius and will not be damaged for many years.
Its birth and development in China benefited from a "long run" by researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Refwadi desann nan mwens 200 degre Sèlsiyis nan kèk minit
Nan dat 25 janvye, satelit ZY-1 02E ekipe ak twa frijidè tib batman kè -fai nan peyi a te reyisi akeri imaj ki gen bon kalite-. Twa frijidè tib batman kè sa yo se 26yèm, 27yèm, ak 28yèm frijidè ayewospasyal ki devlope pa Enstiti Fizik ak Chimi Akademi Syans Chinwa a epi yo itilize avèk siksè nan pwojè espas.
The new crown epidemic has made many people aware of "infrared temperature measurement" technology. When the human body passes through the thermal imaging camera, the hot spots on the body will appear red. In order to measure the temperature of the earth and the atmosphere, many meteorological satellites are also equipped with infrared detectors. However, due to the distance from the target detection object, the infrared detector on the satellite needs to maintain a low temperature or even an extremely low temperature level in order to detect the slightest heat change on the distant target.
Se konsa, ki jan yo kenbe detektè a enfrawouj sou satelit la nan yon eta tanperati ki ba? Syantis yo te envante de kalite teknoloji refrijerasyon, youn se refrijerasyon radyasyon pasif, ki baze sou prensip ki montre gwo -objè tanperati ka gaye enèji nan objè ki ba-tanperati; lòt la se aktif refrijerasyon mekanik, prensip la se fè gaz nan mouvman mekanik. ekspansyon, ak fenomèn nan refwadisman rive lè gaz la elaji.
"The cooling temperature of radiation cooling is high and the cooling capacity is small. Although it can be used to cool small detectors, it cannot meet the higher requirements for low temperature of aerospace devices. In contrast, mechanical cooling technology is more feasible." Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics and Chemistry Chen Houlei, a researcher at the institute, told the China Science Journal.
Teknoloji refrijerasyon tib batman kè se yon kalite teknoloji refrijerasyon mekanik. An 1963, syantis Ameriken yo te dekouvri aksidantèlman lè gen yon vag presyon altène nan yon tib kre, fen fèmen li yo pral chofe, epi yo ka fòme yon gwo gradyan tanperati sou direksyon axial tib la. Ki baze sou sa a, yo devlope yon refrijerasyon tib batman kè. machin. An 1984, syantis Sovyetik yo te transfòme frijidè tib batman kè a, ki te amelyore efikasite refwadisman li yo, ak chalè rechèch ki gen rapò ogmante tou.
Pointing to the pulse tube refrigerator in his hand, Chen Houlei introduced: "This part similar to the little finger is called the 'cold finger'. This small refrigerator can reduce the fingertip to minus 200 in a few minutes. Celsius. We put the probe on the fingertip, and when the temperature of the probe cools down, we can see the earth clearly."
Soti nan teyori nan jeni
In the 1980s, the Cryogenic Technology Experiment Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (one of the units of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) took the lead in starting the basic research on pulse tube refrigeration technology in China. By the 1990s, they had set the record for the lowest refrigeration temperature several times, achieved a series of original achievements, and won the "Kapicha Award" and "Linde Award" of the International Society of Refrigeration.
In 1998, the United States was the first to engineer pulse-tube refrigerators for use in space programs. Although my country has achieved world-leading results in the basic research of pulse tube refrigeration, optical remote sensing satellites have been suffering from lack of their own space refrigerators. "At that time, the research and development unit could only import from abroad, and the aerospace-grade refrigerator was embargoed to our country. The research and development unit could only try every way to buy the ground-level refrigerator." Zhao Miguang said.
The reason for saying "bitter" is that the lifespan of imported ground-level refrigerators is less than 1/10 of that of aerospace-grade refrigerators, and problems often occur, and after satellites are launched, they cannot be repaired at any time like they are on the ground. Once on-orbit failure, the country may pay a huge price.
Nan fen ane 1990 yo, ak sipò Fon Nasyonal Syans pou Distenge Young Scholars, Akademi Chinwa Syans ak lòt depatman ki enpòtan, ekip rechèch Enstiti Fizik ak Chimi Akademi Syans Chinwa yo te kòmanse transfòme nan rechèch aplike. kòm yon antye. Fè fas a pi gwo bezwen yo nan domèn nasyonal espas deteksyon aleka ak deteksyon enfrawouj, yo te demisyone soti nan pil papye fin vye granmoun ak te pote soti rechèch sou jeni nan frijidè tib batman kè ak aplikasyon pou espas. Kòmanse nan lane 2000, ekip la te resevwa sipò sistematik nan men Ajans Espas Nasyonal la.
The road from theory to engineering is full of challenges. "What we want to do is aerospace-grade products. If the refrigerator will work in the sky in the future, it must be guaranteed that it will not break for 8 years, 10 years or even longer." Chen Houlei said.
Frijidè yo plen ak gaz elyòm, epi yo dwe asire yon pousantaj flit ki ba nan molekil elyòm atravè teknoloji serye soude ak sele. Konpresyon ak ekspansyon gaz la depann de piston an. Yo dwe fè piston an ak miray silenn lan tou de fèmen epi ki pa -kontak, pou asire ke piston an pa mete lè lwil oliv pa ka itilize. Mouvman piston an sipòte pa yon sezon prentan plat, epi yo dwe jwenn fason pou asire ke sezon prentan an pa kwochi, se pou kont li kase.
Every "must" means a pressure. "At that time, we encountered some problems, and we couldn't move forward for a long time, and everyone's morale was very low." Zhao Miguang said.
Summarize the progress at 8:00 in the morning, and leave work at 12:00 in the evening. In this way, 8 years have passed. In the past 8 years, Riyuexingchen has witnessed their road to tackling key problems: the pulse tube refrigerator they developed achieved full welding of titanium alloys; the distance between the piston and the cylinder reached the micron level; the leaf spring can move 100 in the anti-fatigue test. More than 100 million times, there is even a spring's anti-fatigue test "running" for more than 10 years, and there is no problem so far.
28 frijidè tib batman kè yo te mete nan sèvis
In 2008, under the leadership of researcher Liang Jingtao, the current director of the Key Laboratory of Space Work-Heat Conversion Technology, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the scientific research team developed my country's first long-life pulse tube refrigerator in space, and successfully carried out on-orbit verification. The refrigerator has achieved a historic leap from scratch, from tracking to entering the latest international development stage, and my country has thus become the second country after the United States to master the space pulse tube refrigeration technology.
Since then, the "stumbling block" in the development of optical satellites in the infrared spectrum has been kicked away, and the planning and demonstration of a series of satellite models in the country has been in full swing.
Technological innovation creates demand, which in turn drives technological development. In the following ten years, the development of my country's spaceborne infrared detectors has continuously put forward higher requirements for spaceborne pulse tube refrigerators.
Nan dat 9 me 2018, satelit Gaofen-5 te lanse avèk siksè. Li te ekipe ak yon frijidè tib batman kè ak gwo kapasite refwadisman ak lavi ki long devlope pa Enstiti Fizik ak Chimi Akademi Syans Chinwa a.
This satellite carries my country's first full-spectrum spectral imager covering the visible, near-infrared, short-wave, medium-wave, and long-wave infrared spectrum bands. Compared with previous optical detectors, it is larger and heavier. In order to adapt to the demand, the chiller project team boldly adopted a new solution. The chiller could only carry the cold finger of the cold platform with a size of more than ten millimeters and a weight of a few grams, and designed it into a detector assembly with a size of one hundred millimeters and a weight of one kilogram. .
Nan premye ane yo, wout la nan vire konsepsyon an nan reyalite te aksidante. Sepandan, plis echèk ou fè eksperyans, se plis kè kontan nan siksè vin inoubliyab.
"This is a new international initiative!" Chen Houlei's eyes lit up when he said this.
At 11:11 on December 26, 2021, the "Ziyuan No. 1 02E" satellite was successfully launched at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. The long-wave infrared detector carried on it must work in a low temperature environment of minus 193 degrees Celsius. The spectral imager on Gaofen-5 is larger and requires twice the cooling area of the pulse-tube refrigerator.
During the development process, researchers encountered unprecedented difficulties. "The design life of the 'Zuanyu No. 1 02E' satellite is 10 years, which is higher than the previous 8-year life requirement. In order to meet the project requirements, we proposed a plan to use the switching device to backup the compressor. In the case of increasing the limited weight, the large It greatly improves the life of the refrigerator." Liu Yanjie, the chief designer of this pulse tube refrigerator and an associate researcher at the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told the China Science Journal.
"During the design of the cold finger, the large-area cold plate we used had a deformation problem due to thermal expansion and contraction, and the detector on it was easily broken." The cold finger designer of this pulse tube refrigerator, Quan Jia, an associate researcher at the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, recalled that after countless discussions and debugging, they made a new material match for the cold plate and finally solved the problem.
Jodi a, yo devlope ayewospasyal-frijidè tib batman kè ak divès kalite fòm ak pèfòmans, nan yo 28 yo te lanse nan òbit.
Chak pwojè plen defi, ak defi sa yo se fòs ki mennen nan ekip devlopman frijidè tib batman kè a.
"We are developing more advanced space low-temperature refrigeration technology with a cooling capacity of more than 100 watts, a temperature close to absolute zero, and a weight as low as a few hundred grams." Liang Jingtao said that the team will build on the successful development of the space pulse tube refrigerator. Continue to carry forward the spirit of "daring to challenge and fight hard", bravely assume "national responsibility", and forge ahead to meet the needs of low-temperature refrigeration in future spaces.
On the development road of aerospace-grade cryogenic refrigerator technology, this "long run" continues.
